美印启动六大关键技术合作，联手排挤中国
在白宫网站公布的美国-印度关键和新兴技术倡议（iCET）简要说明中称美两位国家安全顾问在华盛顿特区主持了iCET的成立会议。在美国方面，国家航空和航天局局长、国家科学基金会主任、国家空间委员会执行秘书以及来自国务院、商务部、国防部和国家安全委员会的高级官员也到会。在印度方面，印度驻美国大使、印度政府首席科学顾问、印度空间研究组织主席、电信部秘书、国防部长科学顾问、国防研究与发展组织总干事，以及电子和信息技术部和国家安全委员会秘书处的高级官员参加了会议。双方讨论了在关键和新兴技术方面加强合作的机会，共同开发和共同生产，以及深化整个创新生态系统的连接方式。指出了在关键部门建立 "创新桥梁 "的价值，包括通过博览会、黑客马拉松和推介会。还确定了生物技术、先进材料和稀土加工技术等领域为未来合作的领域。美国和印度强调，它们致力于通过iCET下的一个常设机制，努力解决与两国的监管障碍和商业及人才流动有关的问题。在此之前，1月30日由美国-印度商业委员会主办，美国商务部长吉娜-雷蒙多、美国国家安全顾问杰克-沙利文和印度国家安全顾问阿吉特-多瓦尔以及其他美国和印度高级官员参加的圆桌会议，将两国的40多位首席执行官、大学校长和思想领袖聚集在一起，加快增加技术合作的机会。为了扩大和深化我们的技术伙伴关系，美国和印度正在发起新的双边倡议，并欢迎我们的政府、行业和学术界在以下领域开展新的合作。
1、创新生态系统的合作
在美国国家科学基金会和印度科学机构之间签署一项新的研究机构伙伴关系实施安排，以扩大在一系列领域的国际合作--包括人工智能、量子技术和先进的无线--在我们国家之间建立一个强大的创新生态系统。
建立一个由工业界、学术界和政府参与的印度-美国联合量子协调机制，以促进研究和工业合作。通过协调多方利益相关者的共识和标准的制定，借鉴全球努力，为可信的人工智能制定共同的标准和基准，确保这些标准和基准与民主价值相一致。促进高性能计算（HPC）方面的合作，包括与国会合作，降低美国向印度出口HPC技术和源代码的障碍。2、国防创新和技术合作制定一个新的双边国防工业合作路线图，以加快两国联合开发和生产的技术合作，最初的重点是探索与喷气发动机、弹****相关技术和其他系统有关的项目。
注意到美国已经收到通用电气公司提出的联合生产喷气发动机的申请，该发动机可以为印度本土运营和生产的喷气飞机提供动力。美国承诺对这一申请进行迅速的审查。加强长期的研究和开发合作，重点是确定海上安全和情报监视侦察（ISR）的操作用例。启动一个新的 "创新桥"，连接美国和印度的国防初创企业。3、有弹性的半导体供应链合作加强在弹性半导体供应链方面的双边合作；支持在印度发展半导体设计、制造和加工生态系统；以及利用互补优势，两国打算促进发展一支支持全球半导体供应链的熟练劳动力，并鼓励在印度发展成熟技术节点和封装的合资企业和技术伙伴关系。
欢迎美国半导体工业协会（SIA）与印度电子半导体协会（IESA）合作组织的一个特别工作组，在印度政府半导体代表团的参与下，制定一个 "准备情况评估"，以确定近期的产业机会，并促进互补的半导体生态系统的长期战略发展。该工作组将向商务部和印度半导体代表团提出建议，说明需要克服的机遇和挑战，以进一步加强印度在全球半导体价值链中的作用，同时也将为美印商业对话提供投入。该工作组还将确定和促进劳动力发展、研发（包括先进的包装）和交流机会，使两国受益。4、太空合作加强载人航天方面的合作，包括建立交流，包括在美国国家航空航天局约翰逊航天中心为印度空间研究组织（ISRO）/航天部的一名宇航员提供高级培训。
确定两国商业部门合作的创新方法，特别是与美国国家航空航天局的商业月球有效载荷服务（CLPS）项目有关的活动。在明年，NASA将与印度空间研究组织一起，召集美国的CLPS公司和印度的航空航天公司来推进这一倡议。通过扩大专业工程师和科学家交流计划（PESEP）来启动新的STEM人才交流，包括空间科学、地球科学和载人航天，并向印度空间研究组织发出长期邀请，参加NASA一年两次的国际项目管理课程。加强双边商业空间伙伴关系，包括通过美国商务部和印度航天部在美印民用空间联合工作组领导的一项新倡议。该倡议将促进美国-印度商业空间的参与，并使美国和印度商业空间部门之间的增长和伙伴关系成为可能。欢迎印度空间研究组织主席本周对美国的访问，以及美国国家航空航天局局长2023年晚些时候对印度的访问。扩大美国-印度民用空间联合工作组的议程，包括行星防御。5、科学、技术、工程和数学人才培养注意到美国大学协会和包括印度理工学院在内的印度主要教育机构的一个新的联合工作组，该工作组将为研究和大学合作提出建议。
6、下一代电信技术合作启动关于电信和法规的公共和私人对话。推进5G和6G的研发合作，促进开放RAN在印度的部署和采用，并促进该部门的全球规模经济。美印合作排挤中国战略意图明显美国和印度期待着2023年晚些时候在新德里举行的下一次iCET会议。两国的国家安全委员会将与各自的部委、部门和机构协调，与他们的同行一起推进合作，并与利益相关者接触，在下一次会议之前实现宏伟的目标。据路透社报道，白宫国家安全顾问沙利文和印度国家安全顾问多瓦尔当天在白宫与双方高级官员会面，正式启动这项美印新倡议。沙利文说：“中国的经济实践与事行动，旨在试图主导未来产业和控制未来供应链，这些都构成更大的挑战，对印度思想上的冲击是更深远的影响。”据称，华盛顿的目标是让更多西方移动网络在印度设立站点，以对抗中国华为技术。美国也欢迎更多印度电脑晶片专家赴美，并鼓励两国企业在火炮系统等军事装备方面开展合作。印度已加入美方提出的印太经济框架（IPEF），但并没有加入IPEF贸易领域的谈判。尽管印度参加俄罗斯的军事演习与增加购买俄罗斯原油的举措令华盛顿深感不快，但白宫没有为此公开批评新德里，而是选择默许印度向中国采取更强硬的立场。与此同时，据白宫称，通用电气公司正在请求美国政府，允许其与印度合作生产喷气发动机，为印度运营和生产的飞机提供动力。白宫表示，审查正在进行中。
以下是简要说明英文全文：
President Biden and Prime Minister Modi announced the U.S.-India initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) in May 2022 to elevate and expand our strategic technology partnership and defense industrial cooperation between the governments, businesses, and academic institutions of our two countries.
The United States and India affirm that the ways in which technology is designed, developed, governed, and used should be shaped by our shared democratic values and respect for universal human rights. We are committed to fostering an open, accessible, and secure technology ecosystem, based on mutual trust and confidence, that will reinforce our democratic values and democratic institutions.
Today, the two National Security Advisors led the inaugural meeting of the iCET in Washington, DC. They were joined on the U.S. side by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Executive Secretary of the National Space Council, and senior officials from the Department of State, Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense, and the National Security Council. On the Indian side, the Ambassador of India to the United States, the Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India, the Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, the Secretary of the Department of Telecommunications, the Scientific Advisor to the Defense Minister, the Director General of the Defence Research and Development Organization, and senior officials from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and the National Security Council Secretariat participated. The two sides discussed opportunities for greater cooperation in critical and emerging technologies, co-development and coproduction, and ways to deepen connectivity across our innovation ecosystems. They noted the value of establishing “innovation bridges” in key sectors, including through expos, hackathons, and pitch sessions. They also identified the fields of biotechnology, advanced materials, and rare earth processing technology as areas for future cooperation.
The United States and India underlined their commitment to working to resolve issues related to regulatory barriers and business and talent mobility in both countries through a standing mechanism under iCET. This followed the January 30 roundtable hosted by the U.S.-India Business Council with U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo, U.S. National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, and Indian National Security Advisor Ajit Doval, and other senior U.S. and Indian officials and brought together more than 40 CEOs, university presidents, and thought leaders from both countries to accelerate opportunities for increased technology cooperation.
To expand and deepen our technology partnership, the United States and India are launching new bilateral initiatives and welcoming new cooperation between our governments, industry and academia in the following domains:
Strengthening our Innovation Ecosystems
Signing a new Implementation Arrangement for a Research Agency Partnership between the National Science Foundation and Indian science agencies to expand international collaboration in a range of areas — including artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, and advanced wireless — to build a robust innovation ecosystem between our countries.
Establishing a joint Indo-U.S. Quantum Coordination Mechanism with participation from industry, academia, and government to facilitate research and industry collaboration.
Drawing from global efforts to develop common standards and benchmarks for trustworthy AI through coordinating on the development of consensus, multi-stakeholder standards, ensuring that these standards and benchmarks are aligned with democratic values.
Promoting collaboration on High Performance Computing (HPC), including by working with Congress to lower barriers to U.S. exports to India of HPC technology and source code.
Defense Innovation and Technology Cooperation
Developing a new bilateral Defense Industrial Cooperation Roadmap to accelerate technological cooperation between both countries for the joint development and production, with an initial focus on exploring projects related to jet engines, munition related technologies, and other systems.
Noting the United States has received an application from General Electric to jointly produce jet engines that could power jet aircraft operated and produced indigenously by India. The United States commits to an expeditious review of this application.
Enhancing long-term research and development cooperation, with a focus on identifying maritime security and intelligence surveillance reconnaissance (ISR) operational use cases.
Launching a new “Innovation Bridge” that will connect U.S. and Indian defense startups.
Resilient Semiconductor Supply Chains
Enhancing bilateral collaboration on resilient semiconductor supply chains; supporting the development of a semiconductor design, manufacturing, and fabrication ecosystem in India; and leveraging complementary strengths, both countries intend to promote the development of a skilled workforce that will support global semiconductor supply chains and encourage the development of joint ventures and technology partnerships on mature technology nodes and packaging in India.
Welcoming a task force organized by the U.S. Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) in partnership with the India Electronics Semiconductor Association (IESA) with participation from the Government of India Semiconductor Mission to develop a “readiness assessment” to identify near-term industry opportunities and facilitate longer-term strategic development of complementary semiconductor ecosystems.
This task force will make recommendations to the Department of Commerce and the India Semiconductor Mission on opportunities and challenges to overcome in order to further strengthen India’s role within the global semiconductor value chain, and will also provide input to the U.S.-India Commercial Dialogue. The task force will also identify and facilitate workforce development, R&D including with respect to advanced packaging, and exchange opportunities to benefit both countries.
Space
Strengthening cooperation on human spaceflight, including establishing exchanges that will include advanced training for an Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)/Department of Space astronaut at NASA Johnson Space Center.
Identifying innovative approaches for the commercial sectors of the two countries to collaborate, especially with respect to activities related to NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) project. Within the next year, NASA, with ISRO, will convene U.S. CLPS companies and Indian aerospace companies to advance this initiative.
Initiating new STEM talent exchanges by expanding the Professional Engineer and Scientist Exchange Program (PESEP) to include space science, Earth science, and human spaceflight and extending a standing invitation to ISRO to participate in NASA’s biannual International Program Management Course
Strengthening the bilateral commercial space partnership, including through a new U.S. Department of Commerce and Indian Department of Space-led initiative under the U.S.-India Civil Space Joint Working Group. This initiative will foster U.S.-India commercial space engagement and enable growth and partnerships between U.S. and Indian commercial space sectors.
Welcoming the visit this week by the ISRO Chairman to the United States, as well as a visit to India by the NASA Administrator later in 2023.
Expanding the agenda of the U.S.-India Civil Space Joint Working Group to include planetary defense.
Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Talent:
Noting a new joint task force of the Association of American Universities and leading Indian educational institutions, including Indian Institutes of Technology, which will make recommendations for research and university partnerships.
Next Generation Telecommunications:
Launching a public-private dialogue on telecommunications and regulations.
Advancing cooperation on research and development in 5G and 6G, facilitating deployment and adoption of Open RAN in India, and fostering global economies of scale within the sector.
The United States and India look forward to the next iCET meeting in New Delhi later in 2023. The National Security Councils of both countries will coordinate with their respective ministries, departments and agencies to work with their counterparts to advance cooperation, and to engage with stakeholders to deliver on ambitious objectives ahead of the next meeting.
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